History of Performing Arts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Performing Arts - Assignment Example Although art lacks in concrete definition, developments have emerged as time went on. In the 14th and 16th centuries or the Renaissance period, changes in art have come into view. This period began in Italy and spread across Europe. Plays and dances were performed and seen as one of the famous forms of entertainment in that era. The use of ballo or now called ballet was used by Domenico de Piacenza. In the mid of 16th century, elaborated costumes for dance performances and theatre music were introduced in England. The first Opera, Daphne, was performed in the latter part of 16th century. It went on throughout the 17th century and eventually became an entertainment choice of the aristocrats, as well as the people who live in cities across Europe. As time went on, more changes have occurred in the development of the performing arts. The traditional theatre was established thru the introduction of the ‘Proscenium Arch’ in the 17th century. However, acting was brought to an end until the mid of the century. Soon thereafter, women appeared in plays in England and in France and eventually, the latter established the formal dance instruction in the latter part of the century. The introduction of ‘Opera Buffa’ in the 18th century brought opera to the masses. This has broken the mark that opera and aristocracy come hand in hand. In the late 18th century, The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni by Mozart became famous operas that marked the era of the century. A new era was establish in the 19th century.

Invading Privacy of Celebrities Essay Example for Free

Invading Privacy of Celebrities Essay Most actors/actresses feels that press are invading their private lives and their not happy about it. . Perhaps, the main reason is because celebrities are considered as public figure. Being seen in the television and newspapers frequently they should set as good example to other people. The press should have limitations on what theyre showing to the people. If they discover that one actress is pregnant its the right of the person whether to deny or tell the truth. Then, you respect the actress and they will not be offended. Following that, reporters job is to reveal an expose pertaining to a famous personality. When they discover a scoop regarding a certain celebrity they should clarify it to the person involve instead of making up stories to make it more interesting for public to hear. In that way theyre being fair enough to the celebrity and at the same way to the people who will watch or read their stories. . In addition, almost all known person in the industry they dont want their families to be involved in their issues. Press and media should tackle only on the artist not on their families. Because they are hurt with the fact that they are the celebrity and yet even their loved ones will be affected and suffers when critics eyes are on them. In that way they will not feel that their lives are intruded by press people. . To sum up, there are range of options available so that celebrities will not say that media are not respecting their privacy. Its just a matter of understanding one another to achieve what they want.

Be Who You Are :: essays research papers

Be Who You Are I know it’s Christmas and everyone is filled with the holiday spirit, or at least I hope you are. Instead of giving you some sappy holiday story though, I’m going to pitch you something real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are there some days where you feel you just can’t stand people because of the way they act? Or, are there just some people that you can’t stand because of their clothes, appearance, or maybe even the people they chill with? Just let me ask you one question, why? Don’t know? Of course you don’t. A study done by Jessica Hopkins at Northern Kentucky University can help you better understand why you do these things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social identity theory predicts a correlation between self-esteem and acceptance of others under the assumption that an individual with low self-esteem would satisfy the need for in-group favoritism by expressing prejudice. Our results support the hypothesis that individuals with low self-esteem are less accepting of others,† states Hopkins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This simply means that most people our age have a problem with self esteem, and according to the statement, one would judge others because of their friends and a need to â€Å"belong† to a certain group. You know it’s true. I see it everyday. It is normal for teenagers to judge and create prejudice. Otherwise your friends would make fun of you and you wouldn’t be â€Å"cool† anymore. Here is your next brain teaser. Why do you care what your friends think? This means that they are judging you, and what a coincidence, you and the people you hurt are in the same boat! How about that? Number two, are they really your friends if they do that to you? I didn’t think so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So why are you going to sit there and be an associate of this hate crime. Or, in your terms, â€Å"Why you gotta sit there and be a hater?† There is an old school saying that says â€Å" What goes around comes around.† Well my friend, if you don’t watch yourself it might be coming to you. Of course there are going to be people different from you, everybody is different. The goal is to be unique and be your own person. Be Who You Are :: essays research papers Be Who You Are I know it’s Christmas and everyone is filled with the holiday spirit, or at least I hope you are. Instead of giving you some sappy holiday story though, I’m going to pitch you something real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are there some days where you feel you just can’t stand people because of the way they act? Or, are there just some people that you can’t stand because of their clothes, appearance, or maybe even the people they chill with? Just let me ask you one question, why? Don’t know? Of course you don’t. A study done by Jessica Hopkins at Northern Kentucky University can help you better understand why you do these things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social identity theory predicts a correlation between self-esteem and acceptance of others under the assumption that an individual with low self-esteem would satisfy the need for in-group favoritism by expressing prejudice. Our results support the hypothesis that individuals with low self-esteem are less accepting of others,† states Hopkins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This simply means that most people our age have a problem with self esteem, and according to the statement, one would judge others because of their friends and a need to â€Å"belong† to a certain group. You know it’s true. I see it everyday. It is normal for teenagers to judge and create prejudice. Otherwise your friends would make fun of you and you wouldn’t be â€Å"cool† anymore. Here is your next brain teaser. Why do you care what your friends think? This means that they are judging you, and what a coincidence, you and the people you hurt are in the same boat! How about that? Number two, are they really your friends if they do that to you? I didn’t think so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So why are you going to sit there and be an associate of this hate crime. Or, in your terms, â€Å"Why you gotta sit there and be a hater?† There is an old school saying that says â€Å" What goes around comes around.† Well my friend, if you don’t watch yourself it might be coming to you. Of course there are going to be people different from you, everybody is different. The goal is to be unique and be your own person.

A Sorrowful Woman

Gail Godwin beckons a woman to know herself as a woman and not as mere in a relation to other in her much thought provoking story, â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman†.Michael Meyer said that, † Goodwin selects several key events that e place over a period of year to show us the slow decline of the Woman in her role as wife and mother.†(geocities.com, online).Marriage calls upon woman to obey and serve as a traditional good wife and mother but at the cost of her individuality, which made our protagonist to take life on a very pessimist note. We find woman in a â€Å"Sorrowful Woman† as totally tired of her relationship as a mother, a wife and of her life. Godwin says,   â€Å"The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to ever see them again† (Gail, 35).This story was initially titles â€Å"Sorrowful Mother†, as whose obsession of motherhood was putting question on her individuality. But it is not a story of only mother but the question o f independent identity and individuality of all women. This dilemma brought them onto the verge of depression and ultimately their downfall. Therefore it is not the Sorrowful mother but A Sorrowful Woman.WORKS CITED Godwin, Gail. â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† in Dream Children. Ballantine Books, 1996. Micheal Meyer, A Plot, Sorrowful Woman, Online, 22th May 2008 Available at http://www.geocities.com/davidjohntoth/102/plot.html  

Military Strategies of of the I.R.A. During the Anglo Irish War of Independence, 1919-21 Essay

At the outbreak of hostilities it was apparent that the I. R. A. could not hope to win a traditional stand up military fight against a modern, well equipped army with the financial backing of The British Empire. In order to engage the crown forces in a guerrilla war, weapons and ammunition were required in large numbers. General Head Quarters (G. H. Q. ) authorized smuggling operations and had sent volunteers abroad to procure arms. G. H. Q. sold arms to the individual units, many of which were hampered in their operational status due to lack of funding to purchase weapons and ammunition. As the war progressed many Royal Irish Constabulary (R. I. C. ) barracks and the Crowns Tax Offices were attacked and burned. GHQ issued a general raid order in September of 1920. The primary objective the Volunteers attacks on isolated R. I. C. barracks were to obtain arms and ammunition. Many of these barracks were poorly defended and usually consisted of terraced houses. In order to disrupt the governance of rural areas, tax offices were targeted. These targets allowed collection of funds from the local populace that were to be appropriated to the Crown. These tactics were adopted by many units when news of the initial successes of these barracks and tax office attacks filtered out, throughout the country. The volunteers embarked on a campaign of Intimidation of R. I. C men and their families, and members of the general public who supported the crown forces, many of which were shot. This tactic was extremely effective at reducing the morale of the R. I. C. Recruitment dropped and resignations increased in the organization The R. I. C. retreated to larger towns after it was decided to evacuate may rural barracks. This tactic led to large parts of rural Ireland becoming ungovernable. This allowed the Dail to implement their much heralded Courts System, collect taxes and implement civil control. Most units at the start of the war appeared to act independently without central command control. Attacks on Crown Forces were sporadic in nature and were badly planned. Inexperience of many of the men in these units led to many failed operations Many units operations amounted to sabotage by digging trenches in roads, de-railing trains, cutting of communications lines, snipping at barracks and personnel. Even the most poorly equipped and inactive units could engage in many of these tactics. The effectiveness of military actions conducted varied widely accordingly to geographic location. Areas like South Tipperary, East Limerick and Cork were particularly active, while areas such as Wexford, Mayo and Waterford had low turnout and low activity. Cite. Meeting and Drilling after the day’s work was done, amounted to the extent of some volunteers actions for the duration of the war cite The willingness of volunteers to risk their safety was also another factor which hindered operations in many units. Volunteers who possessed weapons especially rifles were usually picked to partake in operations over volunteers who did not. The men who possessed guns gained experience on active operations and were given higher status within units. In many areas this led to a cycle of a select group of men getting more and more experience on active service, while men who had no weapons remained inactive were not gaining any such experience. To alleviate this some units introduced rotational systems were guns and ammunition were stored in a central weapons dump. Access to weapons dumps could only be gotten after permission from the units Quarter Master was given. Activity of units depended largely on the membership and the professionalism of their commanding officers. Traditionally commanding officers were elected and appointed by their members. Electoral decisions appeared to be based on the social standing of the officers, family traditions and whether the men liked them or not. Many units were hampered in their operations as officers would not authorize actions as they feared for their own safety or were incompetent in planning and action. To instil discipline and a sense of military professionalism G. H. Q. sent organizers out to instruct and train these officers and units that they commanded. Training camps were set up to properly instruct officers and volunteers. The military discipline in these camps was strictly enforced and the training was particularly gruelling. When men returned to their units, they were expected to instil similar discipline within the rank and file. Discipline was to be rigorously introduced by commanding officers and military punishment meted out for infractions. Formal reporting structures were introduced and all commanders were expected to submit reports to the central authority of G. H. Q. on a regular basis. These reports were analysed by G. H. Q. and orders were issued to individual units. This strategy led to a more centralized planning and intelligence apparatus. Ultimately G. H. Q. decided to set up divisions with respective commanders, in attempt to coordinate the activities of the volunteers within bordering brigade areas. These attempts at introducing a modern military structure into the different units were mostly successful, although highly active units such as South Tipperary maintained a more independent existence until the end of the war. Initially the volunteers had a very high tolerance to violence and did not want to be involved in operations that led to murder. This tolerance was eroded of the course of the war as reprisals by the crown forces, led to many civilian atrocities throughout the country. As the casualties list rose, public opinion turned against the British Government. This was galvanized by reports that started to appear in newspapers internationally and in London G. H. Q. published the details of many of these reprisals in their publication their political journal t-Oglach. The publications also included details of military tactics and so also functioned as a training manual for the volunteers. After the introduction of The Restoration of Order Act in August 1920 the and the introduction of martial law in the South in 1921, attacks and reprisals against the civilian population increased. The arrival of the much hated quais military/police forces which later became known as the Black and Tans in March 1920 and the Axillaries the following July exasperated the situation and led to increased militancy in the volunteer force and the general population. Support for the volunteers steadily grew and the general population assisted them with funds, safe houses and intelligence. As a result of police crackdowns and further arrests of suspected volunteers, the continued raids on civilian houses, many volunteers went on the run. By mid 1921 there were over 4,000 suspects interned. Many men who were on the run went on to form the celebrated flying columns. These columns consisted of 20 highly armed men, who would attack patrols by laying ambushes on roads, and then melting back into the countryside. Tom Barry was commanding officer of the 3rd (West) Cork Brigade, which was a particularly effective flying column. They were responsible for many successful attacks on military personnel. On 28th of Nov. 1920 they wiped out an Auxiliary regiment in Kilmicheal, Co. Cork killing nearly a whole platoon. In reprisals the Black and Tans burned the City of Cork on 11th of Dec. There were many other tactics used by the I. R. A. during the war, examples include targeting prominent members of the British Establishment and Intelligence for assignation, it is beyond the remit of this short essay to explore these in their entirety. The ultimate goal of these operations and tactics were to disrupt and demoralize the administration of British Rule. After Bloody Sunday the British Intelligence Network was effectively non-existent which the I. R. A. took full advantage of, by actively engaging Crown Forces in the capital while sending out their own armed patrols in select parts of the city. As we can see at the start of the war the Volunteers were a highly disorganized and poorly equipped force. Through the use of guerrilla hit and run tactics, they made the most of their limitations to disrupt and demoralize the crown forces. After G. H. Q. exerted a central command and military structure the volunteers became a more ruthless and successful in active operations. Ultimately the British Establishment appeared to have overestimated the numbers of active members and their access to weapons. If their intelligence apparatus had not been infiltrated and disrupted by the I. R. A. the Crowns military campaign may have been more effective, and they may have continued the war which would have pushed the I. R. A, to the limits of their abilities and resources. G. H. Q. played a pivotal role in forming public opinion through their domestic publication t-Oglach and releasing accounts of civilian casualties and atrocities to foreign correspondents, effectively winning the propaganda war. It is doubtful whether the isolated regional active units would have been as effective without the co-ordination and leadership of G. H. Q. The organization of operations and centralization of command by G. H. Q. , may have been the deciding factor in the War, although many units remained in a state of disarray and were badly equipped for the duration of the war. As a measure of the success and effectiveness of operations conducted, I. R. A. guerrilla tactics became a blue print for many revolutionary forces around the World.

buy custom Funding for K-12 Schools essay

buy custom Funding for K-12 Schools essay By 2005, the US held the first place in annual spending for every student enrolled in public schools, second to Switzerland. Each student spends over $11,000 annually with some (like WashingtonD.C. school district) spending over $12,979 every year. Yet this high level of funding does not seem to produce results comparable to other developed nations with lower funding. The areas that the US ranks lowest in student potential are math, science, reading and writing in that order. High funding is not the answer to the problems troubling the American public school system. Back in 1985, a Missouri judge ordered the Kansas City school district to increase public education funding by raising taxes. Within a year, the district spent more than the 280 largest US school districts (Gatto 6-11). For ten years, the funding was maintained and yet in that decade, academic performance in the district went on a downward spiral. In the 2006-2007 year, Marva Collins private school in the Chicago district charged $5,500 per child for tuition, and had students perform better with a whooping 73% than the Chicago public schools. Yet in that same year, the Chicago public school district officials announced that their $11,300 per student budget was inadequate. The subjects common across the United States public schools include, sciences (chemistry biology and physics), mathematics (algebra, algebra II, geometry, pre-calculus, and trigonometry), English, social science (history, government, and economics), foreign languages, physical education and in many states, health (First aid, sexuality, birth control, nutrition and anatomy). Buy custom Funding for K-12 Schools essay

Lucy Maud Montgomery, Author of Anne of Green Gables

Lucy Maud Montgomery, Author of Anne of Green Gables Better known as L. M. Montgomery, Lucy Maud Montgomery (November 30, 1874–April 24, 1942) was a Canadian author. Her most famous work by far is the Anne of Green Gables series, set in a small town on Prince Edward Island in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Montgomery’s work made her a Canadian pop culture icon, as well as a beloved author around the world. Fast Facts: Lucy Maud Montgomery Known For: Author of Anne of Green Gables seriesAlso Known As: L.M. MontgomeryBorn: November 30, 1874 in Clifton, Prince Edward Island, CanadaDied: April 24, 1942 in Toronto, Ontario, CanadaSelected Works: Anne of Green Gables series, Emily of New Moon trilogy Notable Quote: We miss so much out of life if we dont love. The more we love the richer life is- even if it is only some little furry or feathery pet. (Annes House of Dreams) Early Life Lucy was an only child, born in Clifton (now New London), Prince Edward Island in 1874. Her parents were Hugh John Montgomery and Clara Woolner Macneill Montgomery. Sadly, Lucys mother Clara died of tuberculosis before Lucy turned two years old. Lucys devastated father Hugh could not handle raising Lucy on his own, so he sent her to live in Cavendish with Clara’s parents, Alexander and Lucy Woolner Macneill. A few years later, Hugh moved halfway across the country to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, where he eventually remarried and had a family. Although Lucy was surrounded by family who loved her, she didn’t always have children her own age to play with, so her imagination developed rapidly. At age six, she began her formal education at the local one-room schoolhouse. It was also around this time that she made her first forays into writing, with some poems and a journal she kept. Her first published poem, â€Å"On Cape LeForce,† was published in 1890 in The Daily Patriot, a newspaper in Charlottetown. That same year, Lucy had gone to visit her father and stepmother in Prince Albert after finishing her schooling. The news of her publication was a pick-me-up for Lucy, who was miserable after spending time with a stepmother she did not get along with. Teaching Career and Youthful Romance In 1893, Lucy attended Prince of Wales College to get her teaching license, finishing an intended two-year course in only one year. She began teaching immediately after, although she did take a one-year break, from 1895 to 1896, to study literature at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. From there, she returned to Prince Edward Island to resume her teaching career. Lucy’s life at this point was a balancing act between her teaching duties and finding time to write; she began publishing short stories in 1897 and published around 100 of them over the next decade. But from the time she was in college, she fielded romantic interest from an array of men, most of whom she found thoroughly unimpressive. One of her teachers, John Mustard, attempted to win her over, as did her friend Will Pritchard, but Lucy rejected both- Mustard for being terribly dull, and Pritchard because she only felt friendship for him (they did remain friends until his death). In 1897, Lucy, feeling that her marital prospects were dwindling, accepted the proposal of Edwin Simpson. However, she soon came to loathe Edwin, meanwhile falling madly in love with Herman Leard, who was a member of the family she boarded with when she was teaching in Lower Bedeque. Although she was strictly religious and refused premarital sex, Lucy and Leard had a brief, passionate affair that ended in 1898; he died the same year. Lucy also broke off her engagement with Simpson, declared herself to be finished with romantic love, and returned to Cavendish to help out her recently widowed grandmother. Green Gables and World War I Lucy was already a prolific writer, but it was in 1908 that she published the novel that would ensure her place in the literary pantheon: Anne of Green Gables, about the youthful adventures of a bright, curious young orphan and the charming (if occasionally gossipy) small town of Avonlea. The novel took off, gaining popularity even outside of Canada- although outside press often tried to depict Canada as a whole as a romantic, rustic country in the vein of Avonlea. Montgomery, too, was often idealized as the perfect female author: undesiring of attention and happiest in the domestic sphere, even though she herself admitted that she looked upon her writing as a true job. Lucy Maud Montgomery did, in fact, have a â€Å"domestic sphere. Despite her earlier romantic disappointments, she married Ewan Macdonald, a Presbyterian minister, in 1911. The couple moved to Ontario for Macdonald’s work. The couple were somewhat mismatched in personality, as Macdonald did not share Lucys passion for literature and history. However, Lucy believed it was her duty to make the marriage work, and the husband and wife settled into a friendship. The couple had two surviving sons, as well as one stillborn son. When World War I broke out, Lucy threw herself into the war effort wholeheartedly, believing it was a moral crusade and becoming nearly obsessed with news about the war. After the war ended, though, her troubles escalated: her husband suffered major depression, and Lucy herself was nearly killed by the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. Lucy became disillusioned with the aftermath of the war and felt guilt over her own zealous support. The character of â€Å"the Piper,† a slightly sinister figure luring people, became a fixture in her later writings. During the same period, Lucy learned that her publisher, L.C. Page, had been cheating her out of her royalties for the first set of Green Gables books. After a lengthy and somewhat costly legal battle, Lucy won the case, and Page’s vindictive, abusive behavior was revealed, resulting in him losing a great deal of business. Green Gables had lost its appeal for Lucy, and she turned to other books, such as the Emily of New Moon series. Later Life and Death By 1934, Macdonald’s depression was so bad that he signed himself into a sanatorium. When he was released, however, a drug store accidentally mixed poison into his antidepressant pill; the accident nearly killed him, and he blamed Lucy, beginning a period of abuse. Macdonald’s decline coincided with Lucy’s publication of Pat of Silver Bush, a more mature and darker novel. In 1936, she returned to the Green Gables universe, publishing two more books over the next few years that filled in the gaps in Anne’s story. In June 1935, she was named to the Order of the British Empire. Lucys depression did not cease, and she became addicted to the medicines that doctors prescribed to treat it. When World War II broke out and Canada joined the war, she was anguished that the world was again plunging into war and suffering. She planned to complete another Anne of Green Gables book, The Blythes Are Quoted, but it was not published until many years later in a revised version. On April 24, 1942, Lucy Maud Montgomery was found dead in her Toronto home. Her official cause of death was coronary thrombosis, although her granddaughter suggested, years later, that she may have intentionally overdosed. Legacy Lucy Maud Montgomerys legacy has been one of creating lovable, touching, and charming novels with unique characters that remain beloved around the world. In 1943, Canada named her a National Historic Person, and there are several national historic sites preserved that are connected to her. Over the course of her life, L.M. Montgomery published 20 novels, over 500 short stories, an autobiography, and some poetry; she also edited her journals for publication. To this day, Lucy Maud Montgomery remains one of the most beloved English-language authors: someone who brought joy to millions, even when joy escaped her personally. Sources â€Å"About L. M. Montgomery.† L.M. Montgomery Institute, University of Prince Edward Island, https://www.lmmontgomery.ca/about/lmm/her-life.Heilbron, Alexandra.  Remembering Lucy Maud Montgomery. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2001.Rubio, Mary. Lucy Maud Montgomery: The Gift of Wings, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2008.Rubio, Mary, Elizabeth Waterston. Writing a Life: L.M. Montgomery. Toronto: ECW Press, 1995.

Quotes From John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men

Quotes From John Steinbeck's 'Of Mice and Men' Of Mice and Men is a novel by John Steinbeck. This tragedy was first published in 1937. The story is told from the third-person omniscient point-of-view. Of Mice and Men follows the misadventures of Lennie and George, two ranch hands in California. Here are a few quotes from Of Mice and Men. Quotes A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool.- John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, Ch. 1Evening of a hot day started the little wind to moving among the leaves. The shade climbed up the hills toward the top. On the sand banks, the rabbits sat as quietly as little gray, sculptured stones.- John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, Ch. 1Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place... With us it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We dont have to sit in no bar room blowin in our jack jus because we got no place else to go. If them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us.- (George) John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, Ch. 1Whatever we aint got, thats what you want. God amighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job an work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want.- (George) John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, Ch. 1

Arab Views of Europeans 1578-1727 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arab Views of Europeans 1578-1727 - Essay Example And given the fantasy and the Orientalism that marked early modern and modern European perceptions of Arabs and Muslims, did Occidentalism evolve in Arab-islamic thought? Did the military polarisation that marked the two shores of the Mediterranean produce an Arab fantasy and invention similar to that characterising a large amount of Europeans about Muslims. (p. 127) From the start, Matar have recognized that majority of the historians and scholars believed that the degree of interest of the Arabs and Muslims in Latin Christendom is significantly lower than what was shown by the Europeans in the Far East. He pointed to two prevailing schools of thought that explain this attitude: First, the Europeans are generally viewed as barbarians because of their heathen religion that teaches a theology, which, according to Quran, is false and distorted; Second, the European society has been seen as inferior to the Arab world because of the Muslim belief that the heritage of the Middle Ages have given them the edge over the Europeans. The corpus of the Islamic literature on the subject has shown a degree of hostility towards the West which clouds the existing curiosity over the other civilization. This hostility would further grow as the West asserted its hegemony in the course of its colonisation efforts. Matar, however, added an interesting insight to this variable. According to him, the disinterest, as has been comprehensively illustrated by the various sources, permeated in the Ottoman territory and those within the reach of its influence. He cited the case of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria who, in their history and literature, have spoken about the Europeans quite extensively, displaying a level of interest that is unprecedented elsewhere in the Islamic world. He took note of the fact that the Moroccan elite were educated and have in their disposal a high level of literacy that have made up with the lack of printing machines that could have made the mass production of

Accounting Scandal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Scandal - Research Paper Example Olympus took advantage of the absence of the accounting rules for marking to market. There were unrealized losses related to investment values. Olympus paid high amounts in the form of goodwill during the acquisition transaction. In actual, this goodwill was the loss on securities investments. Subsequently, the goodwill (losses) was amortized. This amortization allowed the company to spread its losses over several accounting periods (Olympus Corporation - The Third party Committee, 2011). The fraud could have been detected earlier if the auditors of Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG) and Ernst and Young (EY) had acted with due diligence and care. If they had exercised professional judgment, then the critical determination and assessment of investment transactions would have brought this fraud to light earlier than 2011. The newly appointed Chief Executive of Olympus was in a position to detect the severity of transactions at an early stage of his tenure then the question arises that why could not the auditors detect this fraudulent transaction? As a result of this fraud, three executive of the company were fined for 700 million Japanese Yen. Furthermore, six banks sued Olympus for about $273 million. These damages were filed for the losses that these banks incurred as a result of a drop in the company’s stock price after the 13-year old fraud was discovered (Bloomberg, 2014). This accounting scandal relates to the Futures Trading Company that perpetrated a fraud of $211 million. The fraud was committed by intercepting the bank confirmation process. The fraud continued for 20 years. Initially, when banks did not have the facility of any online confirmation, Russell Wasendorf Sr., who was the CEO of the company, changed the address of the bank’s branch. When the confirmation was received, he then forged the address the bank’s branch and replaced it with the

Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Network Security - Research Paper Example However, as technology evolved, the networks also became a part of everyday life. With the accessibility of networks, the security problems have also increased. Networks are increasingly becoming vulnerable to the threats present in the environment. The paper has researched on the threats that are posed on the network as well as the vulnerabilities that increase the security risks for the network. The final part of the paper also discusses the tools that help in implementing security policies as well as the formulation of security policy. Problem Statement Numerous hackers search for and exploit vulnerabilities of a system or a network on a day-to-day basis. Moreover, the tools that help in penetrating and exploiting networks and systems are becoming increasingly accessible and they are so simple to use that they require very little technical knowledge. The threats become even more real when the network connects to other networks, however, threats usually originate from the internal network more often. Research indicates that the 70% of threats usually originate from inside the corporate environment. Hence, any person in charge of networks needs to take a close look at the threats and vulnerabilities of a network. ... ions are in place to monitor and control unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of the network and its resources (Simmonds, Sandilands, & van Ekert, 2004). The first phase of network security begins from user authentication, the most common form of which is a username and password. We can also call this as one factor authentication because we are using just one thing besides the username, which is the password that we already know. Similarly, another form of authentication is two-factor authentication that requires something like a security token, ATM card, etc. The next phase after authentication is a firewall that enforces access policies, for example allowing read/write capabilities to various documents available over the network (A role-based trusted network provides pervasive security and compliance, 2008). Firewalls have the ability of filtering unauthorized access, however, they sometimes fail to check for harmful content that might have entered into the network such as computer worms, Trojans, etc. We have anti-virus software or intrusion prevention systems that help detect and prevent the movement of such malware. Why Network Security? As networks have expanded with time, so have their security issues. The following are the three main reasons why any organization would invest into securing their network: Confidentiality Breach – Every firm would want their confidential information to be held confidential from the eyes of the competitors. Moreover, in an environment where everything has been transformed and saved in the electronic form, a secure network becomes even more important for a firm. Destruction of Data – Data is the most important asset for any organization as well as individuals. Data is processed to be converted into information

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Annotated Bibliography Example Even though the article has a narrow perspective on leadership topic as a whole, its detailed focus on transformational leadership is critical in having a better understanding of this style of leadership. In this view, this article is important for the research in organizational leadership as it gives sufficient information pertaining to transformational leadership style. Emery, C. R., & Barker, K. J. (2007). THE EFFECT OF TRANSACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMER CONTACT PERSONNEL. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 11(1). Emery and Barker (2007) explore the effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Starting from the definition of these two leadership styles, the article gives a stepwise comparison of the two leadership styles. Organizational commitment is depicted as a crucial aspect in enhanced performance, reduced employee turnover, and general job satisfaction as employee feel well motivated. Similarly, customers tend to be satisfied when they perceive that the leadership style in the organization pays direct attention to their needs. Therefore, apart from giving information relating to the effect of the two leadership styles, the article helps the reader understand the preferable leadership style. In this book, Kotter (2008) discusses the concepts of leadership and management in details. His primary focus is to help the readers distinguish leadership from management by radically analyzing them. Using a systematic approach, the author manages to indicate that not all managers are leaders as a significant portion of them fail to acknowledge the factor or rather attributes of a good leader. Molero, F., Cuadrado, I., Navas, M., & Morales, J. F. (2007). Relations and effects of transformational

High school Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High school - Research Paper Example There are various phases in a person’s development and growth which are more memorable than others. For some, high school life is the most endearing due to the new relationships and experiences that occur at the opportune time. As adolescents explore the world and develop strong bonds with friends and teachers, it is recognized that level and depth of relationships differ according to formal or informal structures (Chapter 4: School and Classroom Environment). With regard to student-teacher relationships, some students have formal relationships with teachers, and some of them have informal relationships with teachers. Formal relationships between students and teachers exist when communication patterns and lines of authority are clearly established and enforced. As defined, formal structures observe â€Å"sets of rules and regulations that define the relationships between people and tasks, and determine the distribution of power† (Capra 104). In formal relationships, there are evident boundaries and communication is made on a professional manner. The manner of speaking, words chosen, topics of conversation are formally structured and focus mainly on academic performance and progress of the student. Likewise, even the way professors dress or be addressed by title affects the way students apparently perceive relationships as strictly formal (Sebastian and Bristow).

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Annotated Bibliography Example Even though the article has a narrow perspective on leadership topic as a whole, its detailed focus on transformational leadership is critical in having a better understanding of this style of leadership. In this view, this article is important for the research in organizational leadership as it gives sufficient information pertaining to transformational leadership style. Emery, C. R., & Barker, K. J. (2007). THE EFFECT OF TRANSACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMER CONTACT PERSONNEL. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 11(1). Emery and Barker (2007) explore the effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Starting from the definition of these two leadership styles, the article gives a stepwise comparison of the two leadership styles. Organizational commitment is depicted as a crucial aspect in enhanced performance, reduced employee turnover, and general job satisfaction as employee feel well motivated. Similarly, customers tend to be satisfied when they perceive that the leadership style in the organization pays direct attention to their needs. Therefore, apart from giving information relating to the effect of the two leadership styles, the article helps the reader understand the preferable leadership style. In this book, Kotter (2008) discusses the concepts of leadership and management in details. His primary focus is to help the readers distinguish leadership from management by radically analyzing them. Using a systematic approach, the author manages to indicate that not all managers are leaders as a significant portion of them fail to acknowledge the factor or rather attributes of a good leader. Molero, F., Cuadrado, I., Navas, M., & Morales, J. F. (2007). Relations and effects of transformational

The Story of an Hour by kate chopin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Story of an Hour by kate chopin - Essay Example This also shows that the aspect of her seclusion to rediscover her emotions is vital. The narrator has critically analyzed her internal mental world, unlike her external world outside her bedroom. The window outside her room is vibrant and alive similar to her mental aspect while covering everything about her physical aspect. While the blatant use of some words is proof of this internal world, there are several cases of playful or ironic usage certain images or phrases to show the character’s joy in the story and the underlying message that marriage is limiting. The fact that at the end she also dies because of the excess happiness in many ways is symbolic of the â€Å"marriage† disease. Unless her antagonist â€Å"husband† is not present, she can never feel free much like an affliction. The detail that it is only her heart that is affected as compared to the entire body is indicative that her sadness from this disease symbolically stems from some internal factor. For example, in the description of her husband’s face, it is evident that he had affection for her sentiments that she does not reciprocate (Chopkins 7). This kind of direct and simple language is utilized only to highlight the things the main character hates. Therefore, the language shows that she never actually lov ed her husband. This helps bring out and simplify the language construct in the story for easier understanding of the character. The language becomes rich and lively with vibrant images and color when louse’s emotions are described in detail in regards to the things she likes. This contrasts sharply with the areas where the character is emotionally unattached or indifferent. The contrasts in some of the sentences in the book help highlight the characters responsive indifference. However, as the story progresses, the character and language come alive, as her real feelings are shown

The case Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co Essay Example for Free

The case Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co Essay 1.   In light of these facts, what are the chances of successfully bringing an antitrust suit against these manufacturers? Assume that there are no conflict-of-law or other procedural problems due to the manufacturers being in another country. According to, the District Court decisions it shows that there should be considerable evidence showing that one manufacturer had signed an agreement with respect to the goods sold in a way that it injured the other firm. In Powell, J., Burger, Ch. J., and Marshall, Rehnquist, and OConnor, JJ judgment the court should have relevant justification to bring an antitrust suit, before coming up with a lasting solution. The lawyer’s edition head notes suggest that the Court of Appeals can find a way out to determine the reality of the conspiracy. For one to bring antitrust suit against these manufacturers there should be an expertise testimony to be offered by the American companies to generate realistic reasons to base their judgments and material fact for instance their opinion should be   based on a mathematical construction that depends on assumptions concerning the petitioners costs ( Brennan ,Kennedy Stevens 1999). The fact that Japanese manufacturers charge lower prices than American manufacturers in the American market and by lowering its export prices in collaboration with its government is not a guarantee that they recover antitrust compensation from them.   The claim made should make an economic sense in that the assumption of conspiracy is sensible and more persuasive with the view of competing implication 2. What if, instead of discussing the topics listed above, the manufacturers discussed the detail of individual sales, production, inventories, current price lists, and future price trends? They would have solved their disagreement by coming up with proper price range, furthermore they would have obtained the relevant data concerning their businesses and share ideas on either management of sales, how to improve production, inventories and compare their current price in order to determine a relative range. They would have improved their quality of businesses as they avoid the time and money wasted in suing one another in court. They would do an assessment of price and output effects and would have avoided the injury caused by predatory conduct in markets. The would have negotiated on the terms of the sale in response to rates set by the manufactures, thus avoid being victims of an antitrust violation ( Injury to competition 2009). 3. What if they discussed average costs, freight rates, and terms of past transactions without identifying buyers or sellers.   They would have conducted confidential analysis to determine their current freight rates and expenses and operational requirements. Also, they would have realized their average costs and improve control and access management information, project on their savings, check on time performance. 4.   Should a court considering this case conclude that there has been an antitrust violation? Why or why not? No, because there was small evidence that was of importance to the claimed predatory pricing conspiracy. , there was no established realistic material fact to determine whether the company was involved in illegal conspiracy which led to American companies to suffering injury.   It was difficult to determine the maximum-price-fixing agreements and market forces alone determined the kind of goods and services offered, their prices, and the success or fail of particular sellers. The other reasons are that the opinions they used were not based on economic factors as there was no mathematical analysis to determine whether the petitioners were involved in long-term, below-cost sales or not. (Supreme Court, 1986) Lastly the two manufacturers were competing to be the best ,so the like hood of having a winner or a looser was there, consequently making one of them to be demoralized hence rising to fight back.

Role of E6AP in Malignancies and Tumorigenesis

Role of E6AP in Malignancies and Tumorigenesis INTRODUCTION Leukemia is a malignant hematological disorder characterized by proliferation of abnormal white cells that infiltrate the bone marrow, peripheral blood and other important organs. Leukemia arising from myeloid cells is known as Myeloid Leukemia which may either be chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a complex disease caused by mutations, deregulated gene expression and epigenetic modifications leading to increased proliferation and decreased differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Several important molecular markers have been discovered in AML to better characterize patients. C/EBPÃŽ ± is an important regulator of Granulopoiesis. Several groups have reported mutations in the C/EBPÃŽ ± gene in a subset of patients with AML presenting with normal karyotypes. A significant percentage of AML patients without chromosomal translocations have demonstrated abnormalities in C/EBPÃŽ ± protein or function, suggesting that loss of transcriptional control is a common mechanism of leukemogenesis. Even in the setting of other proleukemogenic genetic abnormalities, such as the (8; 21) translocation, C/EBPÃŽ ± has been demonstrated to be aberrantly regulated, in this case by down regulation of expression. Functional alterations of C/EBPÃŽ ± in AML include mutations of the C/EBPÃŽ ± gene and deregulated expression of C/EBPÃŽ ± by chromosomal translocations. Further, post-transcriptional or post-translational suppression of C/EBPÃŽ ± has been demonstrated to be involved in hematopoietic malignancies. AML is also characterized as, a malignant disease of hematopoietic system in which cells accumulate in an undifferentiated state due to mutations that prevent their normal differentiation and allow undifferentiated cells to survive and proliferate. The molecular changes that occur in AML usually lead to either abnormal cell proliferation (FLT3 and Ras mutations) or block in differentiation (AML1/ETO, PML/RAR alpha, C/EBPalpha mutation s) or suppression of apoptosis (bcl2 overexpression). Despite of block in differentiation, native AML cells often show some morphological signs of differentiation that allow a classification into different subsets, and further differentiation may be induced by exposure to various soluble mediators, e.g., all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and several cytokines in t(15;17). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A and it affects cellular development including haematopoiesis, in particular granulocytic differentiation. ATRA could induce a dose-dependent differentiation of HL-60 promyeloblasts to mature, functioning neutrophils. ATRA induces growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In APL, expression of promyelocytic leukemia protein retinoic acid receptor (PMLRARÃŽ ±) fusion protein, owing to the t (15; 17) reciprocal translocation, leads to a block in the promyelocytic stage of differentiation. E3 Ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins engaged in the regulation of protein turnover and activity through a multistep proteolytic cascade, called ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of a target protein involves 2 distinct steps: covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrates and degradation of the polyubiquitylated proteins by the 26S proteasome system. The first step is mediated by a cascade of 3 enzymes: ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) [1, 2]. Ubiquitin is a 76-amino acid polypeptide that is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. It is first activated in an ATP-dependent manner via binding to E1 through a thioester bond between a cysteine residue at the active site of E1 and the C-terminal glycine (G76) of ubiquitin. Activated ubiquitin in an E1-ubiquitin complex is then transferred to E2, which also participates in the formation of a thioester bond between its active site cy steine residue and the G76 of ubiquitin. Finally, ubiquitin is covalently attached to the target protein through an is opeptide bond between the G76 of ubiquitin and the ÃŽ µ-amino group of an internal lysine residue of the target protein, in a reaction catalyzed by E3 ligase. Subsequent to the linkage of ubiquitin to the target protein, a polyubiquitin chain is formed in which the C-terminus of each ubiquitin moiety is linked to a specific lysine residue (most commonly Lys48) of the previous ubiquitin to form K48-linked polyubiquitylated conjugates which are rapidly recognized by the 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome and degraded by the 20S core particle [1-3]. There are approximately 600 E3 ligases in the human genome that can be classified into 3 major types the N-end rule ubiquitin ligases; HECT-type; and the RING-type, on the basis of domain structure and substrate recognition[1]. The N-end rule ubiquitin E3 ligases target protein substrates bearing specific destabilizing N-terminal residues, including Arg, Lys, His (type I) and Phe, Trp, Leu, Tyr, Ile (type II)[1]. The second type HECT (homology to E6AP C-Terminus) E3-ubiquitin protein ligases, found from yeast to humans range in size from 80kDa to more than 500kDa. They are characterised by the HECT domain, a C-terminal region of approximately 350 amino acids in length with significant similarity to C-terminus of E6AP. Unlike RING E3s which act as scaffolds facilitating interaction between E2s and substrates, HECT E3 ligases form an intermediate thioester bond with the ubiquitin C-terminus through an evolutionarily conserved cysteine residue before catalyzing substrate ubiquitination. Hence, HECT E3s play a direct catalytic role in the final attachment of ubiquitin moieties to target proteins. The N-terminus is highly variable and may be involved in substrate recognition. On the basis of distinct amino acid sequence motifs within the N-terminus, human HECT E3s can be classified into 3 sub-families: HECT E3s with RLDs (RCC1-like domains, termed as HERC (HECT and RCC-1like domain E3s), HECT E3s with WW domains (called Nedd4/Nedd4- like E3s), and HECT E3s that neither contain RLDs nor WW domains (called SI(ngle)- HECT E3s). E6AP, the prototype of HECT E3 family belongs to the third sub-family of HECT E3 ligases [3-5]. The third and the largest type of E3 ligase is the RING (Really Interesting New Gene) family. RING-based E3 ligases are specified by over 600 human genes surpassing 518 protein kinase genes. These are characterised by a classic C3H2C3 or C3HC4 RING finger domain with a characteristic linear sequence Cys-X2-Cys-X9-39-Cys-X1-3-His-X2-3-Cys/His-X2-Cys-X4-48-Cys-X2-Cys, where X can be any amino acid. The RING domain provides a docking site for the E2 enzyme, which mediate transfer of ubiquitin to the substrate, facilitating assembly of mono- or polyubiquitylated conjugates via different lysine residues of ubiquitin. The resulting modifications have a diverse range of biological functions, from proteasome-dependent proteolysis (Lys48- and Lys 11-linked polyubiquitin) to post-translational regulation of protein function, structure, assembly, and/or localization (Lys 63 and other linkages)[1, 6]. E3 ligases can also be classified into single subunit E3s (e.g. Mdm2, Cbl) and multi-subunit complexes (APC, SCF). E3 enzymes bind their target substrates through various protein-protein interaction domains (e.g. WD 40 repeats). However, for substrate recognition post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or proteolytic cleavage are required[7]. The modified motif in the substrate is called degron. There are many different types of degrons (e.g. phosphodegron, PEST). Once modified, a degron in a substrate might be recognized by a specific E3 ligase, which forms the basis for its subsequent ubiquitination[8]. Through ubiquitin-mediated covalent modification of diverse range of cellular proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate several cellular functions or biological processes such as cell cycle progression, Oncogenesis, signal transduction, transcription regulation, DNA repair, endocytois, transport and development via proteolytic or non-proteolytic mechanisms [2, 9]. A direct molecular link between cell-cycle control, Oncogenesis and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity was supported by several clinical findings and wealth of experimental data on E6AP, SKP2 and FBW7, Nedd 4-1, Pirh2, CDC20, CDH1 and also on other E3 ligases [3, 10, 11]. Understanding the physiological role of E6-AP, the founding member of the HECT E3 family, is of interest because inactivation of UBE3A gene encoding E6AP has been associated with Angelman Syndrome, a hereditary neurological disorder. Moreover, in the case of cervical cancer, the E6/E6-AP complex not only targets p53 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, but also targets other proteins, which is necessary for HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis[12]. E6-AP forms a stable complex with the adaptor protein E6. The dimeric complex binds to and targets p53 for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, thus eventually interfering with the negative growth regulating activities of this tumor suppressor protein [13-15]. In addition, the expression of E6-AP protein is decreased in human invasive breast and prostate cancers compared with their adjacent normal tissues. This down-regulation of E6-AP is accompanied by the elevation of ER in breast and AR in prostate carcinomas[16]. Furthermore, in vivo data fro m E6-AP-knockout animals indicated that the expression levels of ER and AR are increased in E6-AP-null mammary and prostate glands, respectively, when compared with that of normal control animals, suggesting that E6-AP modulates the protein levels of ER in breast and AR in prostate glands [17]. E6AP, a 100-kDa cellular protein is a member of functionally related E3-ubiquitin-protein ligases defined by the domain homologous to the carboxy terminus hect domain.20 E3 ligases ubiquitinate and degrade several regulatory proteins including p53, p27, promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor ÃŽ ± and others, which serve as tumor suppressors and cell-cycle inhibitors. E6AP promotes C/EBPÃŽ ± ubiquitination leading to its proteasome-mediated degradation and thus functional inactivation. E6AP negatively regulate Granulopoiesis by targeting C/EBPÃŽ ± for degradation via ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Promyelocytic leukemia tumor suppressor (PML) has been recently identified as a target of catalytically active form of E6AP. PML tumor suppressor is essential for the formation of PML nuclear bodies. Recent studies have implicated role of PML and PML nuclear bodies in the regulation of growth inhibition, senescence and apoptosis. PML is down regulated in multiple human cancers and experimental data has correlated reduced PML activity and expression to E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of E6AP, regulating protein turnover and activity[18]. Recently, Annexin I involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of cell differentiation, anti-inflammatory effects, cell death signalling, carcinogenesis has been identified as a novel target of E6AP in addition to classical substrates, including p53 tumor suppressor, PDZ domain-containing protein scribble, a transcriptional repressor of the gene encoding hTERT[19]. In addition, studies have also implicated the role of E6AP ubiquitin ligase activity in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Peroxiredoxin1 and presumably open avenues to investigate the functional link between lack of E6AP expression and stability of Peroxiredoxin 1with regard to the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome[20]. p53 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by mdm2 which is a p53 target gene containing E3 ubiquitin ligase activity[21]. While mdm2 targets p53 for degradation, mdm2 is self -ubiquitinated and degraded. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf/cip, another p53 target gene, is degraded by proteasome and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) mediated phosphorylation [22]. Rb (Retinoblastoma) protein is a tumor suppressor and negatively regulates G1/S transition by interacting with E2F transcription factor. Rb protein is degraded in an ubiquitin dependent manner [23]. In addition, free E2F is also degraded in ubiquitin dependent manner by the 26S proteasome. Thus, collectively HECT domain containing E3 ligases are important for homeostasis of protein levels and defects in their function may lead to various diseases including cancer. Thus, wealth of experimental data and clinical findings identifying many substrates targeted by E3 ubiquitin ligases, indicate that the deregulation of Ubiquitin proteasome system in cell cycle control is tightly linked to malignancies and tumorigenesis. Due to the above relevance and role of E6AP in malignancies and tumorigenesis The project is based on the expression, purification and validation of GST tagged protein that is GST- E6AP. The current study includes Cell culture: HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. HL-60 cells treated with 1uM ATRA for 0,24 and 48 hours. GST- E6AP Protein expression and purification: GST-E6AP Pull down: Objectives: 1) Expression of GST and GST-E6AP plasmids in BL21 strain of E.Coli 2) Purification of GST and GST-E6AP proteins from BL21 strain of E.Coli 3) Validation of expression through western blotting 4) To detect GST-E6AP protein interaction with whole cell lysates of HL-60 cells treated with 1ÃŽ ¼M ATRA for 0, 24 and 48 hrs GOMTI NAGAR EXTENSION, LUCKNOW

Tsetse Fly :: essays research papers fc

Tsetse Fly African sleeping sickness is an infectious disease of tropical Africa. This infectious disease is caused by a protozoan organism that exists as a parasite in the blood of a number of vertebrate hosts. There are three variations of the disease that predominate in humans are transmitted by an insect vector: Two types of African sleeping sickness are caused by the following: Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. gambiense, both transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. Trypanosome, which early symptoms include fever, headache, and chills, followed by anaemia and joint pains. Later, the disease attacks the central nervous system, causing drowsiness, lethargy, and, if left untreated, death. The cycle of this deadly disease starts out with the tsetse fly and usually end in death if untreated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tsetse flies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class insecta, order Diptera, family Trypanosoma. Tsetse flies are unusual insects. The medium to large brown flies are between six to 14mm long, excluding its proboscis (which is the trunk-like process of the head). The wings are folded and scissor-like while at rest and extend a short distance beyond the end of the abdomen. Other flies have their wings projecting side-ways unlike the tsetse fly, which has overlapping wings. Tsetse flies are confined to Africa. There are 390 different species and four are found in Zambia. They are in the same family as the house and horse flies, they feed extensively on blood be it that of humans or animals. They are parasites that live in the blood or tissue of humans and other vertebrates. Egg and larval stages develop within the female. The female fly produces only one egg at a time. The larva hatches from the egg and is nourished during the growing period inside the body o f the parent. When the larva is full-grown, it is deposited on the ground, and it becomes a pupa. She gives birth every 9 to 10 days. Tsetse flies mate only once, but that mating provides enough sperm to fertilize the female throughout her 90 to 100 day lifespan. Female tsetses produce at most nine larvae and therefore have one of the lowest reproduction rates in the insect world. The single-celled trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness spend their time cycling between humans and tsetse flies. They linger in the gut of the fly, absorbing amino acids and other molecules that the fly gets by biting mammals. After about ten days the trypanosomes move into the fly's salivary glands.

Alliance Concrete Case Analysis Essay

The best estimate for 2006 are shown in the projections for Alliance Concrete. The company is expected to grow its Net Income by $2,350 million. If the company was to pay $3 million in dividends, it would be $11,349 million in retained earnings. If you make no investment in capital expenditure and make payments to your bank loan, the loan would come down to $57,660 million. If the company does not reinvest, it will be at a 50% chance of a problem occurring, which can cause more losses. Just as they did in 2004, not only did it cost $2.6 million to fix the problem but also the company had to close down for 2 weeks, hence the drop in sales for 2004. My recommendation to Alliance Concrete would be to pay off the $7,000 million obligation to the bank which is owed. This would be suggested so you do not default on a loan. It would also put you at the borrowing limit as well. If the company does default on the loan, it will not be a good look for the company. Stock prices and confidence in the company will drop, as people will think that the company cannot pay its bill. After paying off the debt to the bank, I would suggest to allocate the rest of the money towards capital expenditure. It will be necessary for the company to upgrade at least some of the equipment to lower the possibility of something going bad. It would be a total nightmare if the company ran into another problem like the one they faced in 2004, and it may lead to bankruptcy. They may not be able to recover because their debt would go through the roof. That being said, I would skip on the dividend payments and insure that the following year there will be a bigger payment to the stockholder, if everything goes well. The investment into the company would make the company operate better and may even generate more revenue. If I was to renegotiate with the bank, I would put forward the projection of growth. I would highlight the increase in sales and revenue along with showing the effort to pay down the banks loans. I would put forward the current and quick ratio, showing that we have enough money to liquidate the assets to cover our debt in worst case scenario. The company can argue that, even  though the real estate market is slowing down, the company is still showing growth, which is a good sign. If Alliance Concrete was to skip on dividend payments the argument that can be put forth would be that the company is growing and shows signs of great improvement, if we put money into it now. Also that, investment now in the company could mean even more dividend payments in the future. We could also argue that it needs to be skipped because the company needs to put back money into itself because we need to get repairs done. If we pay dividends now, it may not be the best for the company, because we will not be able to get the repairs done that are needed and will cost us more to fix and recover from that problem. After carefully looking at all aspects and possible situations I would suggest that the company skip on the dividends for this year, and invest its money back into the company along with paying of some of the debt. This will be beneficial for all. It will make the company grow all with paying of its loans. The stockholders can be assured that the company is growing and that there will be better dividend payments in the future.

Example Of Differentiation & Positioning

Figure 1. 1 is a positioning map showing our target customers' percetions of our brand versus competing products on important buying dimensions, which are price and quality. Here shows two of our competitors, one is mcdonald which has large market share with low percieved price and quality. Another is a famous snack shop called Fie Jie located in Mong Kok. It is perceived low price and a quite good quality. And you can also see the predicted position of our brand whcih is perceived high price and quality.In order to choose a differentiation and positioning strategy, we need to identify possible value differences and competitive advantages. It is clear that we have product differentiation. First, bur-dle is differ from traditional burgers that bur-dle use noodles instead of breads as the envelope. Second, bur-dle is portable noodles that can take away by hand. These value difference help bur-dle to gain competitve advantage to overcome its bad competitor environment. Then, what differ ence are bur-dle going to promote? The first one is important. Bur-dle is important to our target customers that it is portable and made to order.Portable is important to our target customers that they prefer to eat and walk on the street at the same time. Made to order is important to our target customers that they always prefer a fresh one. The second one is distinctive. Bur-dle is distinctive that it is portable noodles and concern about vegetarians. In fact, we provide bur-dle without meat especially for vegetarians. For value proposition, it is more for more. Bur-dle sells at $25 whcih is generally higher than our competitors, for example mcdonald. On the other hand, bur-dle's quality is high.As mentioned before, bur-dle use meat supplied by companies that have quality guarantee, awards and recognitions. In addition, bur-dle is made to order, which means they are made only when customers order. For the tpye of buying behavior of our target customers, it is variety-seeking buyin g behavoir since there are low comsumer involvement and significant difference among brands. If there is variety-seeking buying behavior, there may be brand switching not because of dissatisfaction, but due to customers want to try new things. Therefore, we would like to provide more choices for our target customers.

Critical Review

Frances Hill’s book is not in a horror genre as what the first impression could be with regards to the title itself.   It is merely a collection of facts and stories untold, and an extension of a historical argument that is more terrifying than fictional horror stories.   Is the book A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trial still timely to discuss or not?Witchcraft, sorcery and witch hunting; judicial perspective, extreme religious practices of good versus evil and social responsibility reflects on Frances Hill’s search for truth and justice by means of writing.   Being a professor in the school of law, she astutely provides the fascination to take charge the unending trials by publicity of the people generation to generation with the same subject Salem Witch Trial which created a deep impact on the history.The said mass hysteria in 1692 is one of the darkest parts in the history of America.   Although there are some who still patronizes such act of witchcraft, the tendency to repeat the mass hysteria is now impossible to happen.   We are now more scientific and democratic in all our moves while we are unfolding the history.Thus, as long as we believe in scientific bases and act intelligently, the delusion of Satan in the witchcraft trial like what the Salem people in 1692 has experienced will never happen again.It was clearly described in the book how the people during those days are immoral in their own ways, has poor understanding and explicitly drastic.   They tend to believe in superstitions and voodoo activities irregardless of their social status.   It was as if these people are all uncivilized, uneducated and not God-fearing people in the author’s study which stated as follows.The Salem witch trial began and found suspects guilty as the judges allowed the supposed victims   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to testify about being attacked by the suspects in their spectral or ghostly formsâ€⠀Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that is, forms    that no one other than the victims could see.[1]   The trial resulted to sufferings of more than a hundred residents of Salem.They are tortured, beaten and starved in prisons.   Nineteen people   Ã‚  Ã‚   were hung and executed, and one pressed with heavy stones to death because of denying to the said accusations of witchcraft.   Others were made to stand without rest during interminable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sessions of questioning.[2]Before the book ended, the author Frances Hill gave significant propositions why the girls of Salem Village behaved that way and why the judges and the people involved did not see their actions as fake, feigned and delirium.ConclusionTo conclude this critical review of the book, I would like to stress out my own statements and conclusions being an educated and knowledgeable individual.   Firstly, I certainly do not agree to the evil and grotesque way of the Salem Witch Trial.   I believe in due process, fair trial and fair justice which modern people like us practice in our day to day living.   Secondly, I agree with the author’s battle against these evil activities by pinpointing facts from the history.However, I believe that this topic of trial for suspected witches are no longer timely and helpful in accordance to our more mature and technologically advanced culture.   Authorities, judges and justices themselves do not rely now on supernatural things.They evaluate the case based on scientific evidence, and sentence the accused in a more humanitarian way.   Hence, the author’s topic and the book itself are just merely opinions and story-telling combined with a touch of intelligently driven research.R E F E R E N C E SHill, Frances. â€Å"Chapter One Sowing the Dragon’s Teeth†. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trial. p.1. Copyright 1997 Published by Da Capo Press Cambridge, MA Uniqueness of the Salem Witchcraft Tria ls.   Mar. 29, 2007. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701701818_2/Salem_Witch_Trials.html#s8.[1] Uniqueness of the Salem Witchcraft Trials.   http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701701818_2/Salem_Witch_Trials.html#s8 2 Hill, Frances. Chapter One Sowing the Dragon’s Teeth. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trial. p.1 Copyright 1997 Published by Da Capo Press Cambridge, MA

Consumer Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Consumer Protection - Essay Example This Project Plan suggests that it becomes necessary to consider pragmatic and appropriate research question and during the course of deliberations this needs to be translated into achievable ends. Also, the enlightenment gained from appropriately decided case laws also needs to be included to substantiate arguments and underline facts. Besides, various sections in which this subject is dealt with also need to form a part of this paper. (Press summary, 2009). â€Å"The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (UTCCRs) protect consumers against unfair standard terms in contracts they make with traders. The Office of Fair Trading, together with certain other bodies, can take legal action to prevent the use of such terms.† (Unfair terms in consumer contracts, n.d.). It is necessary to conduct a study of this kind in order to assess the unfair terms that are often being enforced as pre-determined statements without being deliberated with the concerned consumers, who are thus placed at a detriment, due to the arbitrary and high handed dealings of producers of goods and services. Besides, it is also necessary to consider and apply necessary legal remedies if and when unfair terms are forced upon unwitting consumers. In order to understand these aspects in their proper perspectives, it is necessary to under the basics of these terms. According to the Unfair Terms in the CCR 99, if terms and conditions of business have not been individually dealt with and discussed and any decision has been reached without due negotiations with affected consumers; it could be said to be coming within the realms of being â€Å"unfair terms.† (Statutory instrument 1999 No. 2083. 1999). Besides this, the terms have been pre-determined without taking the concerned consumers into confidence. As a result of which the consumer may have to suffer detriment. It could correctly be said that unfair terms have been incorporated in the agreement which creates disadvantages for the consumers.

Roe versus Vade Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roe versus Vade Case Study - Essay Example Critics of the judgment have commonly made their arguments based on individual ethical beliefs which are immaterial when examining the language of the Constitution. The point of view that is opposed to the Roe decision can be promptly invalidated by the legal definition when evaluating the specific wordage contained within the Constitution in addition to understanding past precedent of constitutional decisions reached by the Supreme Court. However, there are legitimate questions regarding the Constitutional matters of the Roe decision that warrant answering. The word â€Å"abortion† is not contained within the Constitution but merely because the word itself is not present, the Constitution remains the source of legal precedence for this matter. The justices’ interpretation of the Constitution is the central focus of this subject. Since the Supreme Court is more conservative today in terms of general ideology than in 1973, many think that soon its interpretation of the i ssue will nearer resemble former Justice William Rehnquist’s dissenting opinion concerning Roe v. Wade. â€Å"The Court must be wrong to find any basis for this right in the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. To reach its result, the Court necessarily has had to find within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment a right that was apparently completely unknown to the drafters of the Amendment† (Pavone 2005). Understanding that courts do undeniably have the power to intercede in decisions involving personal rights citing Constitutional precedence, could laws precluding abortions still be justified despite of what many consider an egregious encroachment on the civil rights of women? After all, constitutional rights are not absolute. Why shouldn’t the federal government be concerned with protecting the rights of persons yet to be born? The Fourteenth Amendment definitively answers this question. The Amendment begins by referring to â€Å"All persons born ... in the United States† (â€Å"Fourteenth Amendment†, 2011), signifying that the protections guaranteed by the Constitution refer to those persons who have already been ‘born.’ When many people criticize the Roe judgment, they base their opposition entirely on moral grounds but lawyers, scholars, and particularly judges who denounce the high court’s decision should do so based only on constitutional grounds. If they wish to voice their moral concerns they should draw a clear distinction between the legal and moral objections. The legal argument in opposition to the decision should address both the Fourteenth and the Ninth Amendment which states, â€Å"The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people† (â€Å"Bill of Rights†, 2011). Persons opposing legalized abortions have stated that the ninth, and all other amendments, does not expressly refer to an abortion proced ure consequently the Constitution does not apply when attempting to establish the legitimacy of abortion rights. This point of view, however, very apparently contradicts the statement of the Ninth Amendment which undoubtedly promotes the recognition of abortion rights and all other personal rights in addition to what is specifically contained in the Constitutio